A wide range of indigenous seeds from Africa. We focus on species of ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal interest.

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=90 BGCOLOR="#006699" TEXT="#080000" background="04afd5a3.jpg"> <bR> <div> <B>The Botanical Source</B></div> <div> </div> </td> </tr><tr> <td valign="top" width=210 BGCOLOR="#FFCC66" TEXT="#080000" background="04bd2063.jpg"> <div> <A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="The Botanical Source"><U><B><IMG SRC="107b8d140.png" border=0 width="141" height="20" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.thebotanicalsource.com/shop" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.thebotanicalsource.com/shop"><U><IMG SRC="11958d140.png" border=0 width="141" height="20" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id22.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><IMG SRC="11948d140.png" border=0 width="141" height="20" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.thebotanicalsource.com/shop/index.php?cPath=28&osCsid=5d55fa2bee3df7b388a151625a1e9916" TARGET="_top" TITLE="http://www.thebotanicalsource.com/shop/i"><U><IMG SRC="11938d140.png" border=0 width="141" height="20" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id28.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Articles about African indigenous healin"><U><IMG SRC="10828d140.png" border=0 width="141" height="20" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id20.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact Us"><U><IMG SRC="11928d140.png" border=0 width="141" height="20" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id23.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Photo Gallery"><U><IMG SRC="11918d140.png" border=0 width="141" height="20" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></A></div> <div>   <script type="text/javascript" src="http://edge.quantserve.com/quant.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript">_qacct="p-41ZhKYiACxjoQ";quantserve();</script> <noscript> <a href="http://www.quantcast.com/p-41ZhKYiACxjoQ" target="_blank"><img src="http://pixel.quantserve.com/pixel/p-41ZhKYiACxjoQ.gif" style="display: none;" border="0" height="1" width="1" alt="Quantcast"/></a> </noscript>   </div> <div>  <script type="text/javascript"> var gaJsHost = (("https:" == document.location.protocol) ? "https://ssl." : "http://www."); document.write(unescape("%3Cscript src='" + gaJsHost + "google-analytics.com/ga.js' type='text/javascript'%3E%3C/script%3E")); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var pageTracker = _gat._getTracker("UA-3741917-2"); pageTracker._initData(); pageTracker._trackPageview(); </script>  </div> </td> <td valign="top" height=390 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000" background="04c03043.jpg"> <div> <FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> <A NAME="top_of_page"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></FONT><B>A wide range of indigenous seeds from Africa. We focus on species of ethnobotanical and ethnomedicinal interest.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> Promoting the propagation and conservation </div> <div> of African plants of ethno-botanical & ethno-medicinal value.</div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <IMG SRC="e27c8130.jpg" border=0 width="200" height="275" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>Select the species from its' usage :</B></div> <div> <A HREF="id347.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of Species with Analgesic (painrel"><U><B>Analgesic (pain-relief)</B></U></A><B> | </B><A HREF="id348.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of Species with Aphrodisiac Proper"><U><B>Aphrodisiac</B></U></A><B> | </B><A HREF="id349.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of Species used to make Beverages "><U><B>Beverages</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id350.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of Species used in Divination :"><U><B>Divination</B></U></A><B> | </B><A HREF="id351.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of Species used as Herbal Tobacco "><U><B>Herbal Tobacco</B></U></A><B> | </B><A HREF="id380.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of species used in Intelezi :"><U><B>Intelezi</B></U></A><B> | </B><A HREF="id381.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of species used to dispel bad drea"><U><B>Bad Dreams</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id379.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of species used in love charm emet"><U><B>Love Charm Emetics</B></U></A><B> | </B><A HREF="id352.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Mimosa Species :"><U><B>Mimosa species</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id358.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of species used to fight alcoholis"><U><B>Relief of Substance Abuse</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id353.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of Species with Sedative Propertie"><U><B>Sedatives</B></U></A><B> | </B><A HREF="id354.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of Species used as Snuffs :"><U><B>Snuffs</B></U></A><B> | </B><A HREF="id355.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of Species with Stimulant Properti"><U><B>Stimulants</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id359.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of species reported to contain bet"><U><B>Beta-carbolines & MAOI</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id356.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of Species used to make Ubulawu :"><U><B>Ubulawu</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="id357.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Seeds of Species with Various Uses :"><U><B>Various Uses</B></U></A></div> <div> <B>OR</B></div> <div> <B>Click a letter to jump to the botanical name that starts with that letter</B></div> <div> <A HREF="#a" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>A</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#b" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>B</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#c" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>C</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#d" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>D</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#e" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>E</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#g" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>G</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#h" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>H</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#i" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>I</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#k" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>K</B></U></A></div> <div> <A HREF="#l" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>L</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#m" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>M</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#p" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>P</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#r" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>R</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#s" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>S</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#t" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>T</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#v" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>V</B></U></A><B>, </B><A HREF="#x" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>X</B></U></A></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B>The minimum seed order is 1seed-pack @ $5.</B></div> <div> <B>( </B><A HREF="id20.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact Us"><U><B>Contact us</B></U></A><B> for wholesale pricing. )</B></div> <div> <IMG SRC="a9ba2500.jpg" border=0 width="162" height="80" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <A HREF="id334.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Customer feedback :"><U><B>Customer feedback.</B></U></A></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> It is interesting to know that in many African languages the generic term for medicine is the same as the word for tree, pointing to the vegetable origin of most medicines.</div> <div> <IMG SRC="f4fc80b0.jpg" border=0 width="200" height="267" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div>  For example the Xhosa word iMithi, Lamba uMuti, Zulu uMuthi, and Herero aMuti are all derived from the noun for tree.</div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div>  <script language=JavaScript>  </script>  </div> <div> <B> <a href="HTMLobj-4473/Organic_Seeds.doc"><u>African Seeds</u> </a>  </B></div> <div> <B>A 47-page document that includes historical information on over 300 species.</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <I><B>(All research is copyright The Botanical Source - do not use without permission.)</B></I></div> <bR> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="a"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U>Acacia ataxacantha :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b4ffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Acacia elephantorrhiza</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1065fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Family : Mimosa.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">It is an ubulawu plant used by the Zulu’s. Ubulawu is a term for plants that cause visionary and prophetic dreams, and allows one to connect with and receive messages from the ancestors and spiritual world.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">It has a huge corky textured underground caudex and masses of yellow fragrant mimosa-like pale yellow flowers in spring before the leaves are fully developed.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root is used by the Shona from Zimbabwe as an aphrodisiac.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id338.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ntolwane Acacia elephantorrhiza"><U><B>Click here to buy roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Acacia mellifera :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b51fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Acacia nilotica :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b53fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The wood is used for fencing posts and for firewood. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The pods are eaten by game and stock, but are toxic to goats. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The bark exudes an edible gum, and is used medicinally -`Gum Arabic'.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaf has tested positive for tryptamines according to at least one scientific study.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Acacia polycantha ssp. polycantha :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b55fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaf has tested positive for tryptamines according to at least one scientific study.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Acacia sieberiana :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b59fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaf has tested positive for tryptamines according to at least one scientific study.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Another researcher suspects that the roots contain methylated-tryptamines.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Acacia tortilis :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b5bfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaves and pods, which are browsed by stock and game, are very nutritious. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The bark is eaten by elephants, and is also used medicinally by the locals.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Suspected of containing tryptamines by one researcher.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Acacia xanthophloea :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b5dfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">This is one of the </B><A HREF="id186.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ubulawu"><U><B>ubulawu</B></U></A><B> plants used by the Zulu's.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id337.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Mukanya kude Acacia xanthophloea"><U><B>Click here to buy bark</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Adiantum capillus-veneris :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="acbfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Sutos smoke the leaf for head and chest colds. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Medicine made from the plant has detoxifying effects in alcoholism; the plant is used to detoxify those who abuse alcohol.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Afzelia quanzensis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > : </FONT></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="117dfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">In East Africa, roots are used as aphrodisiacs.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark infusions are used as body washes by Chewa chiefs in Malawi.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark is used as a lucky charm in Zimbabwe.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Agathosma betulina</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> - </B></FONT><B>Buchu</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cf9fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Buchu has an excellent reputation of being a general health tonic and medicine.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id288.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Buchu"><U><B>Click here to buy Buchu</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Alberta magna</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cfbfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Used to make `</B><A HREF="id186.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ubulawu"><U><B>ubulawu</B></U></A><B>'.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Albizia versicolor</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cddfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The roots and bark of the tree are used to make a medicine for driving out demons.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Alepidea natalensis & thodei :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="acdfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <IMG SRC="acffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The dry rhizome and roots of Alepidea are smoked, or powdered and taken as snuff by diviners and healers to assist in divination and communication with the ancestors. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Smoking the roots results in sedation and vivid dreams. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The roots are also used as a smoking admixture, and the smoke disguises the smell of whatever it is that is being smoked in conjunction with this admixture.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Elderly people powder the dry rhizome and take it as a snuff. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The rhizome is carried as a lucky charm, and divining bones are ritually washed with Alepidea rhizomes.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Alepidea is also used for self-fortification and to ward off evil spirits.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id187.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ikhathazo Alepidea amatymbica"><U><B>Click here to buy Alepidea roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Anacampseros rhodesica</U></B> :</div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1063fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Has been used in Rhodesia as an ingredient in beer making. It is also said to have narcotic effects on its own.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Various Anacampseros sp. are used in making traditional beers or intoxicating beverages. Available seeds incl. A. arachnoids, A. baeseckei, A. densiflora, A. karasmontana, A. telethiastrum, and A .rhodesica.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Arctopus echinatus</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cdffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">    The roots have potent sedative properties.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id442.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Arctopus echinatus Sieketroos"><U><B>Click here to buy roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Argyrolobium tomentosum :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ad1fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Root infusions are taken by diviners to sharpen their vision.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root is also used by the Zulu's to facilitate divination.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Aspalathus linearis :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ad3fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Redbush is a traditional beverage of the Khoi of Southern Africa.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">It is now cultivated commercially and is a popular health beverage which contains no harmful stimulants or caffeine.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id297.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Redbush tea Aspalathus linearis"><U><B>Click here to buy Redbush tea</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Athrixia elata :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ad5fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Chuanas use a decoction of this herb as a stimulant.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Avonia ustulata :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ad7fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The dried and pulverized roots and stems are used to brew mead (honey beer).</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">This plant may contain psychoactive substances, so that its' use may not only have been as yeast, but to improve the `kick' of the brew.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="b"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U>Balanites maughamii :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ad9fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots and bark are ingredients in infusions used by traditional healers in protective rituals against evil spirits.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark is used to make an exhilarating & stimulating bath.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The roots are pounded and made into a medicine for driving out demons.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Behnia reticulata :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="adbfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The roots are used to make `ubulawu'.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The roots are also ingredients in infusions taken as love charm emetics.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Branches and fruit are worn as a protective dancing charm by Xhosa traditional healers.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id307.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Izaza omhlope Behnia reticulata"><U><B>Click here to buy roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Bolusanthus speciosus :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="addfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">There is a substance in the roots which is reputed to have a sleep-inducing effect.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Brachylaena discolor :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="adffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots and stems are used by izangoma (diviners) to communicate with their ancestors.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A leaf infusion is used as a tonic.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Onopordopicrin has been isolated from aerial parts (Zdero and Bohlmann, 1987).</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The early Dutch settlers made alkali for soap-making from the ashes of the plant.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="c"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U>Canthium ciliatum</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="aaafabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots are used by traditional healers to induce trance states before divining dances.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Sotho traditionally administer bark and leaf infusions as enemas for pain believed to be caused by beetles present in the abdomen as a result of sorcery.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Plants are also used as protective charms in graves to prevent disturbances of newly interred bodies.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Catha edulis</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="aebfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Chat is believed to have 501 different kinds of cures equaling the numerical value of the letters of its Arabic name, </B></div> <div> <B>      Ga-a-t (400 + 100 + 1). </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root is used in some parts of Africa as a remedy for influenza, for stomach troubles and diseases of the chest.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaf has a euphoric and stimulatory effect which produces a marked release from fatigue and hunger.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Traditionally, chewing khat leaves has been thought to improve a man's sex drive and ability to maintain an erection.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id366.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Khat leaves may hold natural fertility b"><U><B>Click here for an article about Khat</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Chrysanthemoides monilifera :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ae1fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Small frequent doses of juice from the fruit are reported to be administered by the Zulu, Xhosa or Sotho as blood strengtheners and purifiers to men suffering from impotence.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">In Lesotho, leafy branches are burned as a cure in the huts of mad men.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The ashes contain an alkali from which soap can be made.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Cissampelos torulosa</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ae3fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Leaf decoctions are traditionally administered as enemas for hallucinations.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Whole plants are used for ritual purification by the Vhavenda.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Clematis brachiata</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ae7fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Used to drive away evil spirits by the Sotho.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Is a ritual medicine for the Dorobo.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Powdered roots are used as a snuff for headaches in Zimbabwe.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Smoke from burning leaves is inhaled for blood problems in Botswana.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaves are also snuffed.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Coddia rudis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ae9fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Pounded root decoctions are used for impotence.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Convolvulus capensis</U></B><B> `Klimop' :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1181fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Curtisia dentata</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="c1afabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark is used as an aphrodisiac and as a blood strengthener.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The bark is also used as a love charm to make a man attractive.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A red colored bark used for magical purposes. The magical use is kept very secret.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id231.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Mlahleni Curtisia dentata :"><U><B>Click here to buy bark</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Cyanotis speciosa</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cfdfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Used to make `</B><A HREF="id186.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ubulawu"><U><B>ubulawu</B></U></A><B>'.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Cyclopia intermedia</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B>Honeybush Tea</B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ce1fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">This uniquely South African herbal drink is used as a substitute for tea and as a health drink due to the lack of caffeine and other harmful substances in it. Honeybush contains no toxins, and has a positive effect on one's physiology. </B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id343.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Honeybush Tea"><U><B>Click here to buy Honeybush tea</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="d"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U>Delosperma  ashtonii</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B>  :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="aedfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Is made into a snuff by the Sotho.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Does this traditional Sotho snuff have visionary effects?</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Delosperma mahonii</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The roots are used by the Bantu for making an intoxicating beer.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Desmodium repandum</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b71fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Dianthus mooiensis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cd5fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A cold water root infusion is used by diviners to ensure visions and sharpen their divining faculties.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root is also used to make </B><B>`</B><A HREF="id186.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ubulawu"><U><B>ubulawu</B></U></A><B>'.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Also of interest is the fact that </B><B>this plant is in the same family as the </B><A HREF="id233.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Undlela zimhlophe African Dream Root :"><U><B>Silene</B></U></A><B> that is an oneirogenic (dream-inducing) plant.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Dichrostachys cinerea</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>(=Acacia engleri, A. spinosa; =Desmanthus nutans, Desmanthus trichostachys)</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1101fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The roots are used as an aphrodisiac, and for local anaesthesia (pain relieving properties).</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Dodonea angustifolia</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="aeffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaves are used for analgesic effects by traditional healers from Polokwane, South Africa.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id437.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Dodonaea angustifolia"><U><B>Click here to buy organic leaf</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div>  <A NAME="e"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <B><U>Entada rheedii</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b43fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Tobacco smoked in a pipe made from the </B><A HREF="id323.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Dream Seeds Entada rheedii"><U><B>seed</B></U></A><B> causes vivid dreaming.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The large bean-like seeds are carried or worn on </B><A HREF="id323.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Dream Seeds Entada rheedii"><U><B>necklaces</B></U></A><B> and pendants as lucky charms.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Eriosema cordatum</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ce3fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">     The root is used to make Bangalala.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>   [ </B><A HREF="id322.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Bangalala African Viagra"><U><B>Click here to buy Bangalala roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Erythroxylum delagoense</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="af1fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">`Small leaved coco tree'.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Family - Erythroxylaceae.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Euclea divinorum</U></B><B> </B></div> <bR> <div> <B>`Magic Guarri' :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ce5fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Is used in divination.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id391.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Magic Guarri Euclea divinorum"><U><B>Click here to buy roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Euclea natalensis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="af3fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root of `Magic Guarri' is hypnotic.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="g"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>Gerbera piloselloides :</U></B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cfffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Used to make `</B><A HREF="id186.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ubulawu"><U><B>ubulawu</B></U></A><B>'.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Glottiphyllum cruciatum :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b73fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Grewia bicolor</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="af6fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The flowers contain farnesol, which is antagonistic to the excitant effects of caffeine and potentiates the hypnotic effect of barbiturates without being hypnotic itself. It has also been found to have psycho-sedative action.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Grewia flava</U></B><B> `Brandy Bush' :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="af8fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Klaarwater Hottentots distill a spirit from the berries.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Bushmen from Botswana use the fruits to make a beer. Fruit often appears in their folktales.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Khadi (the name of a native drink) appears to involve multiple plants including the fruits of Grewia species. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Grewia species have been reported to contain many alkaloids including traces of B-carbolines. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The production of the brew khadi is known to have arisen after the introduction of sugar by the Europeans but there is a distinct possibility that the plants involved reflects a prior ethnomedicinal familiarity to indigenous people. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">While the primary intoxicant of khadi appears to be alcohol, the complex of plants involved and the potential pharmacological interactions is an area in serious need of in-depth study.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">(We have several other Grewia species' seeds available.)</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="#k" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><B>Click here for seeds of another Khadi plant</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Griffonia simplicifolia</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="fb9fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Griffonia simplicifolia seeds contain 5-HTP.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) is an amino acid that is the intermediate step between tryptophan and the important brain chemical serotonin. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">There is a massive amount of evidence that suggests that low serotonin levels are a common consequence of modern living. As a result, many people are overweight, crave sugar and other carbohydrates, experience bouts of depression, get frequent headaches, and have vague muscle aches and pain. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">All of these maladies are correctable by raising brain serotonin levels. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The primary therapeutic applications for 5-HTP are low serotonin states.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">5-HTP has been intensely researched for the past three decades. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">It has been available in several European countries as a medicine since the 1970s.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id428.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Griffonia simplicifolia"><U><B>Click here for more info</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Gunnera perpensa</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="afafabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Stems and roots are peeled and eaten raw, and also used to make beer.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Root decoctions are taken for male impotence.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id341.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ugopo Gunnera perpensa"><U><B>Click here to buy roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Gymnospora senegalensis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ce7fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root is used as an aphrodisiac.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="h"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U>Harpogyphytum procumbens</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="fbdfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Devil's Claw is a veritable cure-all, and has long been known as a medicinal plant, with the San of the Kalahari having used it first.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Recent studies show very good results with devil's claw as an analgesic (pain-reliever).</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Also used for cleaning the body from waste and toxic by-products of the metabolism.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id335.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Devils Claw Harpagophytum procumbens"><U><B>Click here to buy Devil's Claw</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Helichrysum odoratissimum :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="c1cfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The smoke is inhaled by traditional healers (sangomas) to induce a trance state.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Smoke from burning leaves is sedative and is also inhaled for pain relief.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Helichrysum, known as `imphepho', is burned as a ritual incense with the purpose of invoking the ancestors.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id333.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Imphepho"><U><B>Click here to buy Imphepho</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Helinus integrifolius</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="afcfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Diviners use saponin rich species like Helinus integrifolius in an ubulawu mix which enables them to interpret dreams clearly. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">(Saponins are a highly bioactive group of molecules.)</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">It is prepared by stirring with cold water until a froth appears.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id234.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Helinus integrifolius ubhubhubhu :"><U><B>Click here to buy `ubhubhubhu'</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Hermannia depressa</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ce9fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Diviners take whole plant decoctions.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The plant is also used to strengthen other medicines.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Also used as a protective charm and a charm against witchcraft.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Heteromorpha arborescens</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="afefabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Sutos administer a decoction of the leaf in incipient and early nervous and mental diseases. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">They also inhale the smoke from burning the plant to relieve headache. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The plant is stated to be a blood-purifier.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Heteropyxis natalensis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b00fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Used as a medicinal tea.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark is used to treat impotence and as an aphrodisiac. It is ground into a powder and licked off the fingers.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The lemon scented </B><I><B>Heteropyxis natalensis</B></I><B> is also used as a perfume.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Hoodia gordonii</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1107fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Bushmen use the succulent flesh to suppress hunger and thirst.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id457.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Hoodia gordonii"><U><B>Click here to buy Hoodia powder</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="i"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>Imperata cylindrical</U></B></FONT><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b02fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Used as a restorative for tiredness or weakness.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Ipomoea albivenia :</U></B></div> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="1fafabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Ipomoea magnusiana</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1185fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Ipomoea pes-caprae ssp. brasiliensis :</U></B></div> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b61fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The seeds of </B><I><B>Ipomoea pes-caprae</B></I><B> are eaten by locals on the Transkei coast of South Africa when catching crayfish in the surf. This apparently makes movement more fluid in the sea. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The active substances in the seeds of various species of </B><I><B>Ipomoea</B></I><B> and other members of the Convolvulaceae are alkaloids such as ergine, lysergol, and various clavines.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#0000FF" FACE="Arial" ><B> <A NAME="k"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></FONT><B> </B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>Khadia beswickii</U></B></FONT><B> :</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="fc3fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Family : Mesembryanthemaceae</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Common name : `Khadi root'.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Also called `moerwortel' or `moerwortelvygie'.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">`Moer' means yeast and `wortel' means root; these mesembs were used to enhance the fermentation process of the brewing of traditional beers like honey and sorghum beer.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The fleshy rootstock of this mesemb is an important fermentation agent in beer brewing. Khadi is the original name for a type of beer in which the root is used as a source of yeast. The fermenting ability of khadi root has been ascribed to the presence of fungi. There are possibly mesembrine-type alkaloids in the root, which may contribute to the intoxicating properties. The name `khadi' has been extended to several other plants with fleshy rootstocks used in a similar way, such as </B><A HREF="#raphio" TITLE="A wide range of indigenous seeds from Af"><U><I><B>Raphionacme hirsuta</B></I></U></A><B>.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="105afabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <IMG SRC="105cfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>[ Khadia acutiloba & Khadia acutipetala ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > <A NAME="l"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></FONT><B><U>Ledebouria cooperi</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="aaefabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Medicines made with this plant and </B><I><B>Phygelius capensis</B></I><B> are used to inebriate boys during initiation ceremonies.</B></div> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id330.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ledebouria cooperi"><U><B>Click here for live bulbs</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Leonotis dysophylla :</U></B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1105fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Leonotis leonorus :</U></B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b45fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The </B><A HREF="id293.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Duiwelstabak Devils Tobacco Leonotis le"><U><B>herb</B></U></A><B> is reported to have been historically smoked by tribes people from Southern Africa.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Leonotis nepetifolia :</U></B></div> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b75fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Lippia javanica</U></B><B> :</B></div> <div> <IMG SRC="fbf2ce10.jpg" border=0 width="300" height="225" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Infusions are used as a tea, and are also taken as a general health tonic. As a tea, it has a calming and relaxing effect,</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">It is naturally caffeine free, and has a good taste and pleasant aroma.</B></div> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id384.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Lippia javanica Fever Tea"><U><B>Click here to buy Fever tea</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Lobelia coronopifolia</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b04fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Is used to make `ubulawu'.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Lobelia erinus</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cebfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Is used in divination in Lesotho.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Lobelia pinifolia</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b06fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The resinous root is taken as a stimulant.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Lonchocarpus capassa</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b08fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Tonga diviners administer a drink made from the root of </B><I><B>L. capassa</B></I><B> together with the leaf of </B><I><B>Datura stramonium</B></I><B>, to disputants who appear before them for a settlement.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Smoke from the burning roots is used as an inhalant for colds.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Luvale regard the plant as a lucky charm.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Saponins are indicated in the rootbark.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="m"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>Maesa lanceolata</U></B></FONT><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b0afabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The bark of </B><I><B>Maesa lanceolata</B></I><B> is used in cold water infusions (ubulawu) for ancestor communication.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Maasai from Kenya use the bark as a stimulant.</B></div> <div> <I><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Maesa lanceolata</B></I><B> contains triterpenoid saponins.</B></div> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id235.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Maesa lanceolata umagupu"><U><B>Click here to buy Maesa lanceolata</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Merremia bipinnatipartita :</U></B></div> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b63fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Merremia kentrocaulos :</U></B></div> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b65fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Mesembryanthemum crystallinum</U></B><B> :</B></div> <div> <IMG SRC="ab0fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Mesembryanthemum nodiflorum</U></B><B> :</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ab2fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Milletia grandis</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ab4fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots are burned in the hut as a tranquillizer to dispel worries.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Recipes also exist for sleep-inducing cures based on the roots.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Mimosa adianthifolia :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b5ffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The roots are used by the Chwabo tribe to induce dreams and to </B></div> <div> <B>enhance memory.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id294.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Mgadangkawu Mimosa adianthifolia"><U><B>Click here to buy bark.</B></U></A><B> ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Mimosa cinerea</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> (synonyms = <I>Desmanthus nutans</I>, <I>Desmanthus trichostachys</I>. There are two other <I>Desmanthus</I> species currently used as ayahuasca analogues, perhaps <I>Mimosa cinerea</I> has a similar chemical profile.)</div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots are an ingredient in a decoction taken to ease pain or rubbed into incisions cut over the painful area.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root is used in East Africa as an aphrodisiac.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark is used as a ritual cleanser or for ritual cleansing.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Pedi & Lobedu of South Africa use the pods to remove evil spirits.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The presence of alkaloids and saponins have been indicated in the roots and leaves.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Mimosa nilotica :</U></B></div> <div> <IMG SRC="ac9fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Maasai of east Africa use a drug called Olkiloriti which is obtained from the preparation of the root and bark of the Mimosa nilotica tree.  It is used as a narcotic, excitant, stimulant, and to prevent hunger and thirst. Warriors use Olkiloriti prior to battle in order to enter a state of frenzy, and to prevent fear & fatigue.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Medicinally, Olkiloriti is used by the Maasai to aid digestion, treat dysentery, tuberculosis and impotence.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">In East Africa the bark is used as a stimulant. The root is also used as an aphrodisiac and to treat impotence.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Mimosa nilotica is also a source of antioxidants. Some crude extracts seem to have stronger antioxidant properties than either vitamin C or vitamin E.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Compounds found in the leaves include N,N-dimethyl-tryptamine, and tetrahydroharmane (Bhakuni et al. 1969).</B></div> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id418.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Olkiloriti Mimosa nilotica"><U><B>Click here to buy rootbark</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Mimosa senegal :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b57fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaf has tested positive for tryptamines according to at least one scientific study.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Momordica foetida</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b0cfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Zulus take an infusion or a decoction of the runners as a sedative.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Mondia whitei :</U></B></div> <div> <B><U><IMG SRC="b67fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></U></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">In West Africa, the roots are used to make a very energizing drink for wedding parties; the root can be extracted with alcohol.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">In South Africa, the roots are used to make a refreshing beer, and root infusions also have aphrodisiac properties.</B></div> <div> <B>Roots are also used as an aphrodisiac in Zimbabwe.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Unspecified parts (probably the roots) are used for impotence by the Shambala.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots are used for body pain by the Bondei.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The roots are said to taste bitter at first and then sweet. They are also said to taste like liquorice, or ginger without its pungency, and have a vanilla-like odor. The roots are used to make a type of ginger-beer.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id417.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Umondi Mondia whitei"><U><B>Click here to buy roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Myrothamnus flabellifolius</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b0efabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Young leaves are smoked in pipes for analgesic effects.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Early settlers used the plant to alleviate pain, and Shona healers administer medicines from the plant to cure madness.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">In Tanganyika, the fruit of the plant </B><I><B>M. flabellifolia</B></I><B> - a well known medicinal plant used in various regions of Northern Africa - is smoked with tobacco or as a tobacco substitute.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Zulus call it `uvukwabafile' and also snuff the leaves.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaves are snuffed by the Ndebele to chase away evil spirits.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Plants are used to bring good luck in Zimbabwe.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Also used as a tonic; an infusion of the plant is drunk by the Zulu's as a restorative.</B></div> <div> <A HREF="http://www.thebotanicalsource.com/id268.htm" TARGET="_blank" TITLE="http://www.thebotanicalsource.com/id268."><U><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">http://www.thebotanicalsource.com/id268.htm</B></U></A><B> describes a Myrothamnus that is smoked for psychoactive effects in Madagascar (off the coast of Southern Africa). </B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id336.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Vukwabafile Myrothamnus flabellifolius"><U><B>Click here to buy Resurrection Bush</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="p"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>Pachycarpus asperifolius</U></B></FONT><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b10fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Xhosa take powdered tubers as snuff for hysteria and headaches.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">[There are several plants used as snuffs. Powders known as `umkhwangu' are used as snuff for headaches.]</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Plant infusions are used as sprinkling protective charms against evil.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Pancratium </U></B><B><U>tenuifolium</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1067fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The San Bushmen in Botswana induce visual `hallucinations' by rubbing the bulb on an incision made in the head.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">[ </B><A HREF="id439.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Pancratium tenuifolium"><U><B>Click here for photo's of bulbs</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Pappea capensis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="d01fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f011111100.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Zulu's in South Africa use it as an </B><A HREF="id186.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ubulawu"><U><B>ubulawu </B></U></A><B>admixture plant.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f011111100.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Masai warriors use this plant to attain courage, bravery and endurance.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">In Maasailand it is a custom to take soup with plant extracts. This is done to improve the taste, to keep diseases away and for curative purposes. The Moran however take some species in soup as a drug or stimulant. In most cases, the root bark is used. Other forms include the root, stem bark or pieces of stem. Pappea capensis is called `oltimigomi' in Maasailand.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f011111100.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Infusions of the bark are also used by Kenyan Masai warriors as an aphrodisiac and blood-strengthening tonic.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id317.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Uvuma Bomvu Pappea capensis"><U><B>Click here to buy roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Parinari curatellifolia</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="117ffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Is used as a ritual medicine in the Congo.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Passerina filiformis `Kannabos'</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b12fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Hottentots drink a decoction for analgesic effects.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Phygelius capensis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b14fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Medicines made with </B><A HREF="id330.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ledebouria cooperi"><U><I><B>Ledebouria cooper</B></I></U></A><A HREF="id330.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ledebouria cooperi"><U><B>i</B></U></A><B> and </B><I><B>Phygelius capensis</B></I><B> are used to inebriate boys during initiation ceremonies.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Phyllanthus reticulatus</U></B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ab6fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Called `potato bush' because the plant smells of baked potatoes in the afternoon.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root-bark is used to ensure visions.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Froth from rootbark, stirred in water, gives native diviners clear and penetrating vision.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>There's another interesting Phyllanthus, Phyllanthus discoideus.</B></div> <div> <B>The bark is burnt and the ashes are rubbed onto the body as a stimulant and tonic.</B></div> <div> <B>The alkaloid phyllabine has been isolated from the rootbark (Foussard-Blanpin et al. 1967). Phyllabine chloride slightly inhibits monoamine oxidase (MAOI), and stimulates the suprarenal glands, producing secretion of adrenaline (Quevauviller et al. 1965, 1967).</B></div> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id389.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Upata Phyllanthus discoideus"><U><B>Phyllanthus discoideus roots available here</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Picralima nitida</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="fbbfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The seeds have opioid analgesic activity.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The seeds are also chewed as a tonic and a stimulant.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id429.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Picralima nitida"><U><B>Click here for more info</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Pittosporum viridiflorum</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b16fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Root infusions are used for accuracy in divining.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots and bark are also used as aphrodisiacs, and are sometimes added to beer. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark decoctions also have analgesic (pain-killing) and calming effects (sedative).</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Active saponins have been isolated from the plant.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id314.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Umfusamvu Pittosporum viridiflorum"><U><B>Click here to buy bark</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Pleiospilos bolusii</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b77fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The name `Duimpie-snuif' literally means finger-snuff; traditionally it is used as a snuff. The pulverised plant is also reported to be an hallucinogenic additive to tobacco to be smoked. Or else it can simply be dried and powdered and used as a snuff. The dosage is small with approximately 50 milligrams of plant chewed producing a feeling of euphoria, which lasts for about 20 minutes; this is followed by sedation.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id289.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Duimpiesnuif Pleiospilos bolusii"><U><B>Click </B></U></A><A HREF="id289.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Duimpiesnuif Pleiospilos bolusii"><U><B>here</B></U></A><A HREF="id289.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Duimpiesnuif Pleiospilos bolusii"><U><B> to buy live plants</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Pollichia campestris</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b18fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A decoction is used as a refreshing additive to the bath. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The fruits are edible, and are eaten by Suto children. The fruits are white, fleshy, edible, and pleasantly flavored - rather like white mulberries.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Psoralea pinnata</U></B><B> - Student Dagga :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cedfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Cold water infusions from roots, mixed with roots of Helinus integrifolius, are pounded and stirred until the liquid froths, and taken as emetics by healers afflicted with mental disturbances associated with their calling.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">An emetic for hysteria is made from the roots, pounded with the roots of Helinus integrifolius, and stirred with cold water until a froth appears.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Psychotria species</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b1afabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>Psychotria kirkii</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b1cfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>Psychotria peduncularis var nyassana</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b69fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>Psychotria zombemontera</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The genus </B><I><B>Psychotria</B></I><B> consists of about 1400 species, with approximately 80 species being indigenous to Africa.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A complex C55 alkaloid, psychotrine, apparently derived from a methyl-tryptamine precursor, has been isolated from </B><I><B>P. beccaroides</B></I><B> (Hart et al. 1974).</B></div> <div> <I><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">P. capensis</B></I><B> is used medicinally for gastric complaints (Pooley, 1993), and root infusions are known for emetic properties and used as such in Nguni traditional healing as well as in the treatment of stomach complaints. The emetic properties are apparently related to a complex C55 alkaloid, psychotrine, apparently derived from a methyltryptamine precursor suggesting the presence of N.N-dimethyltryptamine as in the case of </B><I><B>P.catharginensis</B></I><B> and </B><I><B>P. viridis</B></I><B>.</B></div> <div> <I><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">P. emetica</B></I><B> and </B><I><B>P. ipecacuana</B></I><B> are reported to be poisonous on account of their emetic properties (Pammel, 1911).</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Several South American </B><I><B>Psychotria's</B></I><B> are used in the jungle brew `ayahuasca' or `yage'.</B></div> <div> <I><B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">P. peduncularis var. semlikiensis</B></I><B> is used in Zaire in order to prevent evil spirits `walozi' from entering the house.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Ptaeroxylon obliquum</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ceffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Powdered bark is traditionally used as a snuff for recreational purposes.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="r"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>Rabiea albinota</U></B></FONT><B> :</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1061fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>[ </B><I><B>Rabiea albipuncta</B></I><B> ]</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Is used as a snuff, or smoked, to cause a state of euphoria.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">We also have R.albipuncta & R.difformis seeds.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Ranunculus multifidus</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cf1fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Leaves are used as a cleanser and for pain by the Xhosa.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Sotho use smoke from the burning plants as inhalants for headaches.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Powdered leaves are used as snuff by the Tswana.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Contains the glycoside, ranuculin, which is converted enzymatically into the irritant volatile oil, protoanemonin.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Aqueous extracts from whole plants show some anti-microbial activity.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U> <A NAME="raphio"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></U></B><B><U>Raphionacme hirsuta</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > :</FONT></div> <div> <IMG SRC="105ffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The tuber is used to make an intoxicating beer in Lesotho.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Rauvolfia caffra</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b1efabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The bark is used as an intoxicant in Tanzania by the Chagga.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">In the Transkei, bark is used by traditional healers as a tranquillizer for patients believed to have been possessed by spirits.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Dried leaves are used as a snuff for headaches.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Stems are used for making beer.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Blood-purifying decoctions are made from the rootbark.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark is used in medicines for abdominal pain, and also to ward off evil spirits.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">In Kenya, the leaves are used to help newly circumcised boys to sleep.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Rootbark contains the alkaloid reserpine, which has a sedative and tranquillizing effect but is not hypnotic.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The alkaloid yohimbine is also present in Rauvolfia.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Rhus erosa</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b20fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Unknown parts are used to make a snuff.</B></div> <div> <B>It is also used in rain-making ceremonies.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Some </B><I><B>Rhus</B></I><B> species are used for trance-induction.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Other </B><I><B>Rhus</B></I><B> species are used to make mead. </B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Rhus pauciflorus</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="d48fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots are used by diviners to induce trances.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots are also used as love charms.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Leaves have been used in the treatment of psychiatric disturbances.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id390.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Rhus pauciflorus Utiyi"><U><B>Click here to buy roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Rhus species</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U> :</U></B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b22fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>Rhus lancea</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b24fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>Rhus pendulina</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b26fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>Rhus undulata</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The small dry fruits are edible and were once used as an important ingredient of mead or honey beer. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The vernacular name `karee' is said to be the original Khoi word for mead and the word `karri' is still used in some parts of the Cape for mead.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Rubia cordifolia ssp conotricha</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b28fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Plant decoctions are traditionally taken by Sotho diviners to facilitate divining and are also used to purify divining bones.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The roots are used to make `ubulawu'.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Root and leaf decoctions are reputed to have analgesic effects.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Root decoctions are taken at bedtime for the treatment of impotence.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Zulu men take a leaf or root decoction to cure lack of seminal emission.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div>  <A NAME="s"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <B><U>Salvia repens & runcinata</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b2afabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"> <IMG SRC="b2cfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Sutos mix one or the other with their tobacco.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Sceletium emarcidum</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><I><B> :</B></I></FONT></div> <div> <IMG SRC="b6bfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>Sceletium tortuosum</U></B></FONT><I><B> `</B></I><I><B><U>Kanna / Kougoed'</U></B></I><I><B> :</B></I></div> <div> <IMG SRC="b79fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Sceletium has been used by hunter-gatherers and shepherds as a mood-enhancer for millennia.</B></div> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id292.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Kanna Sceletium tortuosum"><U><B>Click </B></U></A><A HREF="id292.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Kanna Sceletium tortuosum"><U><B>here</B></U></A><A HREF="id292.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Kanna Sceletium tortuosum"><U><B> to buy pure </B></U></A><A HREF="id292.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Kanna Sceletium tortuosum"><U><I><B>Sceletium</B></I></U></A><A HREF="id292.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Kanna Sceletium tortuosum"><U><B> powder</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Schotia brachypetala</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b2efabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark is used in red bark mixtures known as `ikhubalo' to ward off evil. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">They are also used to strengthen the body.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark is used to make the red dye for sangomas cloaks (indigenous diviner healers.)</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Bark decoctions are also taken as emetics after excessive beer drinking or to treat those who abuse alcohol.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The bark is also used in purification rites.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Smoke from the leaves is inhaled for nosebleeds.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Scutia myrtina</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b30fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Maasai take some species in soup as a drug or stimulant. In most cases the root bark is used. Other forms include the root, stem bark or pieces of stem.</B></div> <div> <B>The most commonly used `soup' species are: </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Mimosa nilotica (olkiloriti),</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Pappea capensis (oltimigomi), and</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Scutia myrtina (osananguruti),</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Silene bellidioides :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b47fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Silene burchellii :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b49fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div>  <A NAME="silene"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>Silene capensis</U></B><B> </B></FONT><I>`</I><I><B><U>African Dream Herb</U></B></I><B>' :</B></div> <bR> <div> <I><IMG SRC="b7bfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></I></div> <bR> <div> <B>The Xhosa use the roots as an oneirogenic (dream-inducing) plant and during the initiation period to become a traditional diviner/healer.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id233.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Undlela zimhlophe African Dream Root :"><U><B>Click </B></U></A><A HREF="id233.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Undlela zimhlophe African Dream Root :"><U><B>here</B></U></A><A HREF="id233.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Undlela zimhlophe African Dream Root :"><U><B> to buy roots</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Silene clandestina</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b4bfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Silene pilosellifolia</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1187fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Silene primulaeflora</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b81fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Sphedamnocarpus pruriens</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b32fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Chopi use it for people believed to be possessed by evil spirits.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots are used for mental disorders.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Stachys aethiopica</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b34fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Sutos inhale the smoke for a soothing effect.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Stephania abyssinica</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b36fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Pain-killing and tranquillizing effects are known from this species.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root also has aphrodisiac effects.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Stictocardia macalusoi</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="1183fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Strychnos madagascariensis</U></B><B> :</B></div> <div> <IMG SRC="fc1fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root is used in Sangoma (indigenous diviner healer) initiations.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B><U>Strychnos spinosa</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b38fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Narcotic effects are reported from Mauritius.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Roots are used as an aphrodisiac in Zimbabwe.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Root and leaf decoctions are used as analgesics in central Africa.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The alkaloid harmin has been found in bark and leaves of </B><I><B>Strychnos usambarensis</B></I><B>.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">We also hav</B><B>e </B><I><B>Strychnos gerrardii</B></I><B> and </B><I><B>S</B></I><I><B>trychnos pungens</B></I><B> seeds.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id450.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Strychnos spinosa leaf"><U><B>Click here to buy S. spinosa leaf</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Strychnos usambarensis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cf3fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The alkaloid harmin has been found in the bark and leaves.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Stembark and leaves are used for pain relief, general weakness and as a tonic.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Sutherlandia frutescens</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b4dfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The seeds and leaves are smoked by labourers as a </B><I><B>cannabis</B></I><B> substitute in Namaqualand. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaves are sedative when smoked. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaves are also smoked for extreme pain.</B></div> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id346.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Wildegansie Sutherlandia frutescens"><U><B>Click here to buy herb</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B> <A NAME="t"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B><FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B><U>Tabernaemontana elegans</U></B></FONT><B> :</B></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b3afabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Various indole alkaloids of the ibogamine and voacamine-type are known in the genus.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Isovoacangine and voacamidine have sympathomimetic properties.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">T. crassa and T. pachysiphone are reported to stimulate the CNS and to have hallucinogenic properties. They have been found to increase the hypertensive activity of adrenalin and also to have local anesthetic properties.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Analgesic components isolated from T. pauciflora and T. pandacaqui include voacangine and coronaridine, both of which showed significant analgesic effects.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Shona use the root of Tabernaemontana elegans as an aphrodisiac.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Tarchonanthus camphoratus</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b3cfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The leaves were traditionally smoked as a narcotic by the Bushmen.</B></div> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id332.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Bushmans Tobacco"><U><B>Click </B></U></A><A HREF="id332.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Bushmans Tobacco"><U><B>here</B></U></A><A HREF="id332.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Bushmans Tobacco"><U><B> to buy leaf</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Tecomaria capensis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b3efabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Powdered bark relieves pain, is a sedative, and induces sleep.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Trema orientalis</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b40fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Pods and seeds are used for tired muscles and aching bones.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Leaves are used as tonics.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Leaf extracts produce significant analgesic activity.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Turbina oblongata</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><I><B> :</B></I></FONT></div> <bR> <div> <I><B><IMG SRC="b6dfabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></I></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The Sotho's snuff the leaves, or add them to tobacco to be smoked.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Tylosema fassoglense</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" > :</FONT></div> <bR> <div> <IMG SRC="1058fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Family Caesalpiniaceae (Leguminosae - Caesalpinioideae).</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Synonyms </B><I><B>Bauhinia fassoglensis</B></I><B>, </B><I><B>Bauhinia kirkii</B></I><B>.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">A decoction of the roots and flowers is drunk to treat impotence.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div>  <A NAME="v"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></div> <div> <B><U>Vernonia oligocephala</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="d03fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Used to make `</B><A HREF="id186.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Ubulawu"><U><B>ubulawu</B></U></A><B>'.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Voacanga africana :</U></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="b7ffabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Enhances cognition, memory and mental alertness.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The seeds are used for magical purposes in West Africa.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The root bark of Voacanga species is generally ingested to combat fatigue and increase endurance of drummers and hunters and, in higher doses, also for magic and religious purposes.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">In Senegal a leaf decoction is drunk as a tonic and against fatigue.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Analgesic, stimulant, visionary.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Pulp from the leaves or stem bark is applied to soothe convulsions in children and the juice is put in the nostrils as a tranquilizer. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">V. africana is known to contain ibogaine like alkaloids.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Active ingredients include Vinpocetine, Vincamine, Vinburnine, Voacamine, Voacagine. </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Potential application : relieve drug addiction.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id369.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Voacanga africana"><U><B>Click here for a great article on Voacanga africana</B></U></A><B> ]</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id426.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Voacanga africana : Seeds Rootbark"><U><B>Click here to buy V. africana rootbark</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><U>Voacanga thouarsii</U></B><B> :</B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG SRC="ab8fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <bR> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The uses of Voacanga thouarsii are similar to those of Voacanga africana.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">The discovery of the transformation of tabersonin into vincamine in two steps opened a new way for the commercial exploitation of Voacanga seeds (Zsadon, 1982). </B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Vincamine is used for the treatment of cerebral vascular disorders.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Seeds of Voacanga thouarsii and Voacanga africana appear to be the best sources of tabersonin, and V. thouarsii seeds are reported to give a higher yield in tabersonin than V. africana seeds.</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id370.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Voacanga thouarsii"><U><B>Click here for a great article on Voacanga thouarsii</B></U></A><B> ]</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>[ </B><A HREF="id454.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Voacanga thouarsii rootbark"><U><B>Click here to buy V. thouarsii rootbark</B></U></A><B>. ]</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <div> <B> <A NAME="x"><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="1x1.gif" HEIGHT="1" ALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" ></A></B></div> <div> <B><U>Ximenia americana</U></B><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> :</B></FONT></div> <div> <B><IMG SRC="cf5fabc0.jpg" border=0 width="250" height="188" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Powdered root is taken in beer as an aphrodisiac.</B></div> <div> <B><IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700f000000000.png" HEIGHT="16" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">Leaf decoctions are taken for toothache.</B></div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> Seeds on offer are specially selected, hand harvested, and viable.</div> <div> The viability in seeds varies between species and therefore viability is not a constant factor. </div> <div> Viability is more dependant on the environment and genetic makeup of the plant. All seeds are for scientific advancement only.</div> <div> <B>____________________________________________________________</B></div> <bR> <div> <B>  Subscribe to The Botanical Source free newsletter:<br><br> <form action="http://freeautobot.com/cgi-bin/autores/autores.cgi" target="_blank"> <input type=hidden name="do" value="add_lead_external"> <input type=hidden name="Username" value="botanical"> <input type=hidden name="Stop_Status" value="Active"> <input type=hidd